Body dysmorphic disorder and olfactory reference disorder: proposals for ICD-11

Body dysmorphic disorder and olfactory reference disorder: proposals for ICD-11.

The article reviews the historical background and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and olfactory reference disorder, and describes the proposals of the WHO ICD-11 Working Group on the Classification of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders related to these categories. This paper examines the possible classification of BDD symptoms in ICD-10. Four different possible diagnoses are ...

Olfactory reference syndrome as a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder.

Body dysmorphic disorder: Review article

According to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is classified as obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. The predominant feature of this relatively common disorder is a sense of deficiency in body Image and body shame causing compulsory behaviors to fix the deficits or flaws in physical appearance. This revi...

Body dysmorphic disorder.

The understanding of BDD and its treatment has expanded significantly in the past decade as controlled research has followed the leads from case reports and clinical experience. BDD is recognized as a severe, disabling disorder that is more common that had been assumed. Although BDD is still difficult to treat, success has been demonstrated for SRIs and CBT. Much remains to be discovered. To da...

Body dysmorphic disorder.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is defined as a preoccupation with an "imagined" defect in one's appearance. Alternatively, where there is a slight physical anomaly, then the person's concern is markedly excessive. The preoccupation is associated with many time consuming rituals such as mirror gazing or constant comparing. BDD patients have a distorted body image, which may be associated with bu...